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A number of defensive measures are taken by the Intelligence Community as a matter of
course to protect sensitive and classified material. These measures, while not formally counterintelligence,
serve much the same ends. They include the following:
Communications
Security
Protective measures taken to deny unauthorized persons information
of value that might be derived from telecommunications or to ensure
the authenticity of such telecommunications.
Information
Systems Security
The protection of all classified and sensitive information that
is stored or sent through U.S. Government equipment.
Computer
Security
The protection resulting from all measures designed to prevent deliberate
or inadvertent unauthorized access, disclosure, acquisition, manipulation,
modification, or loss of information in a computer system.
Physical
Security
Physical measures-such as safes, vaults, perimeter barriers, guard
systems, alarms and access control-designed to safeguard installations
against damage, disruption, or unauthorized entry; information or
material against unauthorized access or theft; and specified personnel
against harm.
Personnel
Security
The means or procedure-such as selective investigations, record
checks, personal interviews, and supervisory control-designed to
provide reasonable assurance that persons being considered for or
granted access to classified information are loyal and trustworthy.
Clandestine
Operation
A preplanned secret intelligence collection activity or covert political,
economic, propaganda, or paramilitary action conducted so as to
assure the secrecy of the operation; encompasses both clandestine
collection and covert action. This is done at the direction of the
President.
Deception
Those measures designed to mislead a foreign power, organization,
or person by manipulation, distortion, or falsification of evidence
to induce him to react in a manner prejudicial to his interests.
Clandestine
Collection
The acquisition of intelligence information in ways designed to
assure the secrecy of the operation. This is done at the direction
of the President.
Covert
Action
An operation designed to influence governments, events, organizations,
or persons in support of foreign policy in a manner that is not
necessarily attributable to the sponsoring power; it may include
political, economic, propaganda, or paramilitary operations. This
is done at the direction of the President.
Disinformation
Carefully contrived misinformation prepared by an intelligence service
for the purpose of misleading, deluding, disrupting, or undermining
confidence in individuals, organizations, or governments.
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