Executive Orders 12333 and 14086 outline how the United States manages and oversees its intelligence activities, with a focus on protecting privacy and civil liberties.
Executive Order 12333 establishes the Executive Branch framework for the country’s national intelligence efforts, and for protecting privacy and civil liberties in the conduct of intelligence activities. It was originally issued by President Ronald Reagan in 1981. It was most recently revised and re-issued by President George W. Bush in 2008.
EO 12333 Attorney General Approved U.S. Person ProceduresExecutive Order 14086 establishes updated safeguards and oversight requirements for U.S. signals intelligence activities, with a particular focus on strengthening privacy and civil liberties protections for individuals around the world. It was issued by President Joseph R. Biden in 2022. The order introduced new limitations on data collection and created an enhanced redress mechanism to address concerns about U.S. intelligence practices.
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